Turtledove Skewers (Anticuchos de Tortolitas)

History

Anticuchos are, at their core, small pieces of marinated meat threaded on a skewer and grilled quickly over a lively fire. The form most identified with the dish today is *anticuchos de corazón*, skewered beef heart seasoned with *ají panca* and other chilies — a version food historians attribute to Afro-Peruvian cooks of the colonial coast, who were handed the cattle offal that landowners discarded and made it edible by joining the Andean habit of seasoning with native peppers to Spanish garlic, cumin, vinegar and salt drawn from the hacienda kitchens. That attribution is theirs, and we record it as theirs; we were not able to reach the scholarship behind it.

Gorriti's book carries the skewer under two very different names, and neither uses beef heart; together they show the anticucho idea applied to whatever meat a kitchen favored. *Anticuchos á la última*, sent from Buenos Aires by Elina A. de Almeyra, is the more orthodox: mutton kidneys are pricked, soaked in salted water, then steeped two hours in an *adobo* of oil, vinegar, pepper, ground garlic and powdered *ají mirasol* — the dried yellow Andean chili — before being halved, threaded with slivers of fresh bacon on a thin wooden *asador*, and grilled over a lively fire, basted with butter dipped in the marinade. The chili, the marinade, the wooden skewer and the fast fire are all faithful to the tradition, even as the offal shifts from heart to kidney. *Anticuchos de tortolitas*, from Ester Castillo of Lima, keeps the name but not the method: the little turtledoves are simmered in beef broth, then buttered, rolled in breadcrumbs and browned in the oven, and served with a sauce of *ají amarillo* or English mustard — a dish that borrows the anticucho label for skewer-sized birds while trading the grill for the oven.

Both entries sit within a *criollo* kitchen that layered the Andes' own chilies over Spanish-introduced meats and techniques, and the *ají amarillo* and *ají mirasol* they call for are native American peppers, at home in an 1890 South American book rather than anachronisms. What neither contributor does is explain herself: no word says why she gave her dish the anticucho name, or whether she knew its coastal, Afro-Peruvian street-food lineage. By 1890 the skewer had clearly traveled far enough from its origins that a Lima cook could hang its name on oven-browned doves and a Buenos Aires cook on grilled kidneys, each without a note of explanation.

Two further claims we could not stand behind: that the preparation is documented in the Andes in pre-Columbian times, and the Quechua reading of the name as *anti*, the eastern Andean region, plus *kuchu*, "cut." Those we learned from popular reference and food-writing sources, and we were unable to locate the evidence they rest on.

Ingredients

• turtledoves (tortolitas, small doves)
• beef broth
• butter
• breadcrumbs
• aji amarillo (Andean yellow chili)
• English mustard

Instructions

1. Cook the turtledoves in a good beef broth until well done, then remove and let cool.
2. Dry them, coat with butter, and roll in breadcrumbs.
3. Wrap in buttered paper and bake until browned.
4. Serve with a sauce of aji amarillo or with English mustard.